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| c. 1020 |
| | | Count Radbot builds himself a 'hawk's castle' or Habichstburg, near Zurich, from which the Habsburg dynasty takes its name | |
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| 1024 |
| | | Conrad II is elected as the German king, begining the dynasty variously known as Franconian or Salian | |
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| 1075 |
| | | Pope Gregory VII decrees that only the church may make ecclesiastical appointments, thus initiating the investiture controversy between pope and emperor | |
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| 1077 |
| | | The emperor Henry IV stands as a penitent outside the pope's castle at Canossa, so as to be released from excommunication. | |
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| 1138 |
| | | Conrad III, of the Hohenstaufen family, is elected German king - a title which remains in the family for more than a century, bringing with it that of Holy Roman emperor | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | In feudal France and Germany Charlemagne is by now venerated as a saint | |
|  | Reliquary head of Charlemagne
Fotofile CG
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| 1152 |
| | | Frederick Barbarossa becomes king of Germany and Holy Roman emperor, greatly extending the power of the empire during a long reign | |
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| 1182 |
| | | Resentment of western merchants results in a massacre of Roman Catholics by fellow Christians in Constantinople | |
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| 1197 |
| | | The three-year old Frederick II has a claim to the thrones of both Sicily and Germany on the death of his father, the emperor Henry VI | |
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| 1204 |
| | | The crusaders of the fourth crusade besiege, take and destroy the Christian city of Constantinople | |
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